Aztec Calendar Stone

The Aztec Calendar Stone, also known as the Sun Stone, is one of the most iconic artifacts of ancient Mexico. This intricately carved stone serves as both a calendar and a symbol of Aztec cosmology, offering insight into the spiritual beliefs and astronomical knowledge of the Aztec civilization.

History

Carved in the late 15th century, the Aztec Calendar Stone was discovered in 1790 near Mexico City's Zócalo during excavation work. Scholars believe it was created under the reign of Aztec ruler Moctezuma II. This massive stone is not only a calendar but also an interpretation of the Aztecs' worldview, depicting gods, celestial movements, and the cycles of time that were central to Aztec life.

Things to Do

• Observe the Details: Notice the intricate carvings of deities, symbols, and cosmological elements representing Aztec beliefs.
• Learn the Calendar’s Structure: The stone serves as both a solar calendar and a religious calendar; spend time understanding how the Aztecs calculated days, months, and significant events.
• Read the Inscriptions: The center of the stone features Tonatiuh, the sun god, symbolizing the Aztecs’ belief in cycles of destruction and rebirth.
• Visit the Nearby Exhibits: The stone is displayed in the National Museum of Anthropology, which houses other fascinating artifacts from Mexico’s pre-Columbian past.

How to Explore

Begin with the central figure of Tonatiuh and observe the surrounding symbols that represent the four previous worlds or 'suns,' each ending in a different kind of disaster. Then, move outward to view the 20 symbols representing days in the Aztec month, followed by the serpents framing the stone. Take advantage of the museum's resources, including informative placards and multimedia displays that provide additional context.

Timings and Tickets

Timings: The National Museum of Anthropology is open Tuesday to Sunday, from 9:00 AM to 8:00 PM.

Tickets: Tickets are available at the museum entrance, priced at $4 for general admission. Admission is free for the museum on Sundays for Mexican citizens and residents.

Tips

• Arrive Early: The museum can get crowded, so visiting in the morning allows a quieter experience.
• Photography: Photos are allowed but avoid flash to protect the artifacts.
• Plan Extra Time: Spend time understanding the various symbols and their meanings for a richer experience.
• Bring a Notepad: With its dense symbology, jotting down notes can help you remember the meanings behind the various carvings.

Conclusion

The Aztec Calendar Stone is more than an artifact; it is a window into the cosmology and cultural depth of the Aztecs. A visit to this remarkable piece allows you to appreciate the sophistication and spirituality of an ancient civilization.

FAQs

What is the stone’s significance?

It represents the Aztec worldview, illustrating their beliefs in time, gods, and the cosmos.

How large is the Aztec Calendar Stone?

It measures over 11 feet in diameter and weighs around 24 tons.

Can I take photos of the stone?

Yes, non-flash photography is permitted.

Is there information available in English?

Yes, the museum provides information in English alongside Spanish descriptions.

Why was it buried in the first place?

It was likely buried by the Spanish to suppress Aztec cultural symbols after the conquest.